Fernandez Surname Meaning and Family History

Fernandez is a patronymic surname meaning son of Fernando, with Fernando being a given name meaning journey, or venture. Found throughout Spain and the Hispanic world. Fernandez is the 28th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish Alternate Surname Spellings:  FERNANDES, FURNANDIZ Famous People with the Surname FERNANDEZ Vicente Fernà ¡ndez: Mexican singer, producer, and actorLeonel Fernandez Reyna: President of the Dominican Republic from 1996–2000Antonio Guzmà ¡n Fernà ¡ndez: President of the Dominican Republic from 1978–82 Where is the FERNANDEZ Surname Most Common? The Fernandez surname is the 159th most common last name in the world, according to information from  Forebears. It is especially prevalent in Spain, where it ranks as the 4th most common surname—a name borne by one in every 50 people in the country. It also ranks among the top 10 surnames in Argentina (4th), Uruguay (5th), Andorra (7th), Cuba (8th) and Bolivia (9th). WorldNames PublicProfiler  also indicates the Fernandez surname is most common in Spain, especially in the Asturias region of northern Spain. It is also prevalent in Argentina, southern France, and Switzerland. In the United States, where it ranks about 200th most common, Fernandez is found in largest numbers in New Mexico, Florida, California, New York and New Jersey. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. https://www.thoughtco.com/surname-meanings-and-origins-s2-1422408

Confucius Curry and a Mountain Dew - 1396 Words

As Americans, we ridicule others based on their selection of clothing. We are snobby because of how much money we make or what we hold as an occupation. We chew with our mouths full of macaroni and curse when the soda machine is out of Pepsi. We could use some manners, or maybe just a reintroduction. Confucius thought is constructed on kindness and propriety, as well as holding the morally virtuous to be the ideal person. This philosophy exceedingly expresses value in benevolence, education, and the treatment of other people, but has hidden innuendos that would knock the petals off any flower child. In this reflection paper, I will dabble with how incorporating Confucius thought and practices would help in some areas of American society,†¦show more content†¦If the notion of banning those comedians was a new law, I would probably cry myself to sleep every night. Amending the Amendments Currently, the United States ranks first in number of prisoners. That is kind of depressing, isnt it? We like our jails full and our streets empty (empty of crime, of course). What is found in the emotional bluster of those prisoners hearts is the complete opposite of what the Confucianism concepts are: Jen (benevolence) and Li (prosperity). Jen can be understood as the good-hearten nature in human beings, and Li is the guide that is followed to ensure that the practice of Jen is appropriate. With the acceptance and performance of these concepts, all is well in the state. Li has a basis on five relationships: Sovereign to subject, parent to child, elder to younger brother, husband to wife, friend to friend. Should everyone fulfill their respective position in those relationships, all is well in the state. There is no much thought behind punishment because everyone is born into a moral atmosphere. If one does not know what greed is, do they even think about it? In this style of governing, to reign supreme does not entitle an advantageous power, but one who controls the order of the state to keep it in check. The position can be described as a Sheppard amongst sheep. With the preaching of happiness and kindness, this would only help the argumentsShow MoreRelated Confucius Curry and a Mountain Dew1373 Words   |  6 PagesPepsi. We could use some manners, or maybe just a reintroduction. Confucius thought is constructed on kindness and propriety, as well as holding the morally virtuous to be the ideal person. This philosophy exceedingly expresses value in benevolence, education, and the treatment of other people, but has hidden innuendos that would knock the petals off any flower child. In this reflection paper, I will dabble with how incorporating Confucius thought and practices would help in some areas of American society

Teen Pregnancy Free Essays

string(127) " involving them in the design, implementation and evaluation of programs and policies that affect their health and well-being\." â€Å"Each year in the U. S. almost one million teenagers become pregnant–at enormous costs to themselves, their children, and society†. We will write a custom essay sample on Teen Pregnancy or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Pregnant Teen Help, Teen Pregnancy Statistics) Some would argue that teen pregnancy is all glorified. Other individuals would protest that it is too influential. Teen pregnancy is a rising social problem in the United States and among other countries. Teen pregnancy is now being publicized as multi media corporations, with shows such as â€Å"16 ump; Pregnant†, â€Å"Teen Mom†, â€Å"Maury†, â€Å"Secret Life of the American Teenager†, and â€Å"Juno†. All of which concentrate on teen pregnancy. These shows or movies could be informational for young people. However, the shows display an altered reality that teen pregnancy is easy, laughs and joy. Dispite what the shows might portray teen pregnancy is an uprising national and global epidemic. In the past teen pregnancy has been an underline issue that is vastly taking center stage. Media, education, and economy are all components to this phenomenon, nevertheless, how are they all connected? All of which will all be addressed in the contents of this paper. Which leaves the burning question: is teen pregnancy accepted into our society as a norm, or is it still a deviant act? First and for most, there are many different definitions of teenage pregnancy depending on the source of the information. However, as a broad definition defines teenage pregnancy as â€Å"a female typically between the ages of thirteen and nineteen, typically who hasn’t completed her core education – secondary schools – has few or no marketable skills, is financially dependent upon an older adult typically her parents and or continues to live at home and is typically mentally immature†. Adolescent Health) Most importantly, it states that a person who is not financially or mentally stable and that is not ready to have an offspring. Teen pregnancy is becoming more popular in the media and from a political, and educational standpoint; an underlying social problem that is now making itself known. In addition to the previous statement, the mor e media attention this problem receives the stronger the message sends to the young women that teenage pregnancy can be an acceptable way of life. Movies, TV shows, magazines, and music forces sex into the media but never gives light to the consequences to the actions, and the outcomes. They do not take into consideration the statistics, or the facts. Instead of looking at the reality of the situation at hand young females are seeing the overvalued media version of what it is like to be a young mother. Society takes brilliant ideas that are informative, and helpful for teens and twists the intended purpose to show that â€Å"yes, it is ok to be â€Å"16 and pregnant†Ã¢â‚¬ . Our society is saying to these young women that it is ok to blow past your youth years and to rush into adult hood. It is accepted to have a child while still being a child yourself. This is not a trend, it is not a myth. These are broken down from facts that the media is sending out to these young daughters. Simultaneously, there are facts and organizations that have dedicated their time and effort for teen girls. They are there to make a difference. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention they stated that it is estimated that more than 400,000 teen girls, aged 15-19 years, give birth each year in the US. Even though teen pregnancy is a vastly growing social problem the statistics state from multiple different sources that, sense 1991 teenage pregnancy has declined around 40 percent. However, even if the number of young females is declining the issue is more apparent than ever. (Pregnant Teen Help, Teen Pregnancy Statistics) The media often glamorize teens having sexual intercourse and teen parenting, but the reality is starkly different. Having a child during the teen years carries high costs—emotional, physical, and financial—to the mother, father, child, and community. Parents, educators, public health and medical professionals, and community organizations all have a role to play in reducing teen pregnancy. Help is here. Help and support is everywhere, you just need to know where to look. The organization â€Å"The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy† is a great place to start. There website has short video clips, statistics and a place to feel welcome. Their mission is to seek and improve the well being of the children, the young mother and the families. The National Campaign feels that it is important because teen pregnancy and also unplanned pregnancy for that matter among young adults is part of the root of the problems to important public issues, and ultimately social challenges. Their part and role in this problem is to work in the areas that need the most help. For example: to strengthen the cultures assumptions of personal responsibilities regarding sex, getting pregnant and most importantly bring a child into this world. They also support the use of contraception’s and provide the proper information of the different echniques. (National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, About Us) Ultimately the National Campaign provides more and better education to the teens that this affects such as the parents, the young adults; everyone, and anyone who could be affected by this social problem. Another suggestion besides The National Campaign is â€Å"Advocates for Youth†. They are an organization that is publ ically funded. Like the National Campaign their mission is to help young people make informed and responsible decisions about their reproductive and sexual health. Advocates believes it can best serve the field by boldly advocating for a more positive and realistic approach to adolescent sexual health. Advocates focuses its work on young people ages 14-25 in the U. S. and around the globe. The advocates have a three â€Å"R† system which includes Rights: Youth have the right to accurate and complete sexual health information, confidential reproductive and sexual health services, and a secure stake in the future. Respect: Youth deserve respect. Valuing young people means involving them in the design, implementation and evaluation of programs and policies that affect their health and well-being. You read "Teen Pregnancy" in category "Essay examples" Lastly, Responsibility: Society has the responsibility to provide young people with the tools they need to safeguard their sexual health, and young people have the responsibility to protect them from too-early childbearing and sexually transmitted infections. They may seem like the typical organization to help with teen pregnancy but this is how they are different. (Advocates for Youth, About Us) Advocates for Youth are the only organization that works both in the United States and in developing countries with a sole focus on adolescent reproductive and sexual health. For another example, there is also some that are closer to home no matter where you are located. â€Å"Plan Parenthood† is a perfect place for information, privacy, and support. Their mission is to work and improve women’s health and safety, prevent unintended pregnancies, and advance the right and ability of individuals and families to make informed and responsible choices. Plan Parenthood is many things to many different people they take pride in providing trust community care, informing and educating the community, leading the reproductive health and rights movement and advancing in global health. At Plan Parenthood they strive to deliver comprehensive and medically accurate information that empowers women, men, teens, and families to make informed choices and lead healthy lives. At Plan Parenthood there are skilled health care professionals that are dedicated to offering men, women, and teens high-quality, affordable medical care. (Planned Parenthood, Who We Are) The staff takes time to talk with clients, encouraging them to ask questions in an environment that millions have grown to trust. Most importantly, there are pros and cons to each of the organizations listed. For â€Å"Plan Parenthood†, the pros consist of the abilities with staffing, nurses and physicians, the first hand contact, experience and the privacy that they offer to each patient. The cons that coincide with Plan Parenthood are, it is government funded and the main payment per patient is mostly donation based. (Planned Parenthood. ) For â€Å"Youth Advocates†, the organization is globally and not locally. They have information and resources regarding many different areas and topics which lead to more care and knowledge for all age groups, social problems and issues. They also have the abilities to send information, and to help people who are in need of it. The con for this organization is that it is mainly on the web. They do have ways to contact them and offices but there is not a place to go personally and talk to someone one on one. (Advocates for Youth, About Us) Lastly, the â€Å"National Campaign† does offer funding with qualified applicants. They also offer representatives to speak at conferences and other public functions. The down fall however, to this organization is that there may not be a local office for this organization near you, which could limit the help that it will be able to provide. (National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, About Us) In addition, to the pros and cons of each organization there are possible solutions that each of them offers specifically. For instance, Plan Parenthood offers the medical aspect of teen pregnancy with doctor’s visits, birth control, contraceptives, and STD testing. This provides the option to prevent teen pregnancy to the best of their abilities. Both of the other agencies talk about and provide information about abstinence programs. Also, to inform the teens about sex and the consequences. (Planned Parenthood, Who We Are) The thought is if the teens are educated in the issue then they will make informed and better choices. There are many different choices to help with preventing teen pregnancy. There are also many social institutions that come into play. In continuous with the previous statement, there are a number of major social institutions that con tribute both positively and negatively to this social roblem. This all depends however, on the influence that they choose to portray and the message that the young people take away from the message. For example: media is quite possibly one of the most influential social institutions. Studies show that teens more than likely girls than boys who are exposed to extreme sexual content in media in general such as music, shows, and movies are twice as likely to experience teen pregn ancy in the following three years compared to others who had lower levels of sexual exposure in the media. Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 116(1), 281-286), (Adolescent Health) With shows such as â€Å"Teen Mom† and â€Å"16 ump; Pregnant† they are very influential but the longer that the show continues the affects and the purpose of the shows will no longer be positive, but more negative. The message that it is now portraying is that it is ok to be a young mom. It is ok to have a child young. The media could have the opposite effect, but that is not what attracts the general population at this moment in time. In comparison to media, education is also a major contributing factor to teen pregnancy. When a teen becomes pregnant, education goals may become secondary and ways of achieving those goals may grow less clear. (Pregnant Teen Help, Teenage Pregnancy and Education) Recent studies have shown that adolescents who reported having received comprehensive sex education were significantly less likely to report a teen pregnancy, compared with those who received no sex education at all. The same study shows a comparison to links between low income households, minimal education levels, and race, all links to higher levels of teen pregnancy. Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 116(1), 281-286) The key is education. With any type of sexual education classes studies prove that the percentage of teen pregnancies is significantly lower than people who have never taken some formal education class. Teenagers need encouragement, and the proper education to make the informed choices. Education is the start to that, however, it cannot stand alone. Other major institutions need to change their share of this problem as well. Finally, the last major social institution that leaves an influential mark on teen pregnancy is the economy. In the same study in the previous paragraph, the studies conducted states that there is a significant link between family income, social structure, residence area, race, availability of education and teen pregnancy. The study shows that typically a person who is part of a low family income, in a low income residential area, and is typically a minority will be more likely to become a statistic of teen pregnancy. (Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 116(1), 281-286) How are all three major social institutions linked together for teenage pregnancy? You cannot have one without the other two. Media, contributes to the social side of teen pregnancy saying to teens â€Å"it is ok to be young and have a child. † It unrealistically shows that everyone is doing it, and yes, it will be easy and I will have people to help me the whole way. Teen pregnancy is glamorized to be something it is not by the media; which is a contributing factor when an adolescent does not have the proper education regarding abstinence, or contraception’s. In turn, that leads to the link between education and the economy and the level on the economic scale that they fall into. They may not have the means to the right education because of their family’s income. So all the adolescent knows is what they are interoperating in the media. In most cases, people tend to think that â€Å"this will never happen to me†. You might be right, you might be one of the â€Å"lucky† ones, all the same, that is not always the case. In the previous paragraphs there have been stated places to go to be better informed, and to be provided with the right necessities for teen pregnancy. In my 2009 graduating class alone in a small country side town, it was estimated that around 15-20 people had parented a child by the time we had graduated. My own cousin was â€Å"16 ump; pregnant†. She does go through struggles, everyday is a challenge. The cost of food, diapers, doctor’s visits, transportation, getting up at 2AM, and ultimately, coming to the realization that you do have to â€Å"wave† goodbye to your teenage years when you have a child. Instead of thinking of yourself, it is all about your child, which sadly enough some young parents are not ready to do. Teen pregnancy is not something that will just affect one person. It affects everyone in that person’s life. It is interesting how one small choice, or one mistake impacts the lives of so many different people. As a thought, reducing teen pregnancy and birth is one of the most effective ways of reducing child poverty in the country. Even with the organizations and agencies available teen pregnancy continues to be a social problem. With multiple factors to take into consideration such as media, education, and economy, why can the population not find a solution? In conclusion, teenage pregnancy is a social problem that has become more prominent in the past years. To leave with one last shocking and skin crawling statistic, more than 2/3 of all teenagers who have a baby will not graduate from high school. (Pregnant Teen Help, pg 1. ) Knowing those statistics, how can you deny that teen pregnancy is in fact still a deviant act compared to a social norm, and that it is a social problem? How to cite Teen Pregnancy, Essay examples Teen Pregnancy Free Essays Teen pregnancy is a growing epidemic in the United States. Teen girls are becoming pregnant at an alarming rate, with a lot of the pregnancies planned. With television shows broadcasting shows such as â€Å"16 and Pregnant† and â€Å"Teen Mom†, it is giving teenage girls the idea that it is alright to have premarital sex and become pregnant. We will write a custom essay sample on Teen Pregnancy or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is in a way condoning teen pregnancy. I am interested in discussing teen pregnancy and the options that are out there for the teens who find themselves in this situation. I don’t think enough is being done to educate or prepare these teens about how their lives will change in the event of pregnancy. I am especially interested in this issue, because I found myself in this very situation when I was just seventeen years old. I made the decision that was best for me at the time, but wasn’t given all the support I think I needed. I didn’t have anyone to talk to who was going through what I was at the time. I think that teenagers wanting to grow up too fast, peer pressure and television, both reality and fiction, all play a huge role in this problem. I think the answer to probably not solving this problem, but hopefully lowering the number of teen pregnancies is to better educate our teenage population. All in all, I would like to see teens better educated on teen pregnancy. Also to let them know if that is the situation they find themselves in, that there are options out there for them to choose from. There is someone for them to talk to and confide in about what they are feeling and how they want to proceed. There have been numerous surveys of adolescent sexual behavior, but their results have often been inconsistent. There is, however, general agreement about one point: Young people are having sex at an earlier age than they did a century ago. Although this change is just one part of an overall trend toward more liberal sexual attitudes and behaviors, it poses some special problems. In the erotically charged atmosphere of today’s society, young people are often confused about how to deal with their own sexuality. They see the overwhelming importance given to sexual attractiveness in the media-one study estimated that the average teenager ahs witnessed nearly 14,000 sexual encounters on television- yet they also hear their parents and religious advisers telling them that sex is wrong. As a result, many young people begin having sex without really intending to and without taking precautions against pregnancy. In the last decade or so, however, the growing awareness of the dangers of AIDS does appear to have contributed to a decline in the rates of sexual intercourse among teens. The Youth Risk Behavior Survey found that between 1991 and 2005 the percentage of teenagers who are sexually active dropped from 57. 4 percent to 46. 3 percent among males and from 50. 8 percent to 44. 9 percent among females. The rates of pregnancy, abortion, and sexually transmitted disease among teens have actually dropped even faster than the rate of sexual activity. So it appears that, in addition to postponing sex, teens are also becoming more responsible in their sexual activities. For example, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey found that 87. percent of teens were either abstinent or used condoms. Of course, that means that 12. 5 percent of teens were still having unprotected sex, but that is a significant improvement over past decades. Similarly, although the rate of teen pregnancy has declined, more than 11 percent of the babies born in the United States are still born to teenage mothers. Of sexually active teens, 63 percent reported using a condom during their last intercourse, and 17 percent say they used oral contraceptives, but that still means that 20 percent of sexually active teens had no effective protection against pregnancy. Why don’t more sexually active teenagers use contraceptives? In some cases, they may actually want to have a child, but most teenage pregnancies are accidental. Many teenagers are simply ignorant about sexual matters and believe such myths as â€Å"You can’t get pregnant the first time† or â€Å"You won’t get pregnant if you only have sex once in a while. † Teenagers are also influenced by parents and religious leaders who tell them to abstain not only from having sex but also from using birth control. Although birth control requires planning and forethought, it is easy to be swept into an unplanned sexual encounter in the heat of passion. Moreover, some teenagers feel that planning a sexual encounter is immoral but that if they are caught up in the heat of the moment and unable to stop, they can’t be blamed for their actions. Finally, teenagers often do not know how to get birth control devices or are afraid that their parents will get angry if they do. How to cite Teen Pregnancy, Essay examples Teen Pregnancy Free Essays Subject:Argumentative Synthesis Research Paper Sheltering the youth from birth control does not decrease the percentage of teen pregnancy but it fact helps initiate unprotected sex. The increase in teen pregnancy is due to, inadequate sexual education available to adolescents, lack of knowledge and resources for birth control, and the environment the individual grew up around. Research Questions Does providing adolescents with birth control increase teen pregnancy 1 Is there enough information on the consequences of unprotected sex easily accessible to today’s youth 2 Is the environment a teen lives in a factor of getting pregnant at a young age 3 Are parents willing to inform their child(ren) about the consequences about unprotected sex 4 Are parents more excepting about their child having sex if they know they are using protection 5 How does having condoms at easy access for teens result in unprotected sex Sources ttp://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Teen Pregnancy or any similar topic only for you Order Now solutionsforamerica. org/healthyfam/teenage-pregnancy. html http://www. escrh. eu/about-esc/news/young-people-report-high-levels-unprotected-sex-and-barriers-affecting-their-right-ob http://healthpsych. psy. vanderbilt. edu/condomConumdrum. htm * Write a brief paragraph here Three Supports for Thesis Statement * Teenage pregnancy and birth rates both dropped in the 1990s among all racial and ethnic groups. Increased use of contraceptives and increased abstinence * Teenage pregnancy is linked to several risk factors including: being poor, living in a single-parent household, child abuse, and risky behaviors such as drug abuse and early or unprotected sex * On average, only half of young people surveyed across Europe (55%) receive sex education in school compared to three quarters across Latin America (78%), Asia Pacific (76%) and the USA (74%) Arguments and Rebuttals * With the easy access of condoms there is more risk for teen pregnancy * Some positive aspects of providing condoms included that providing ondoms could reduce incidence of unwanted, teenage pregnancy and the spread of STDs. Secondly, a comprehensive sex education program including condom provision accepts the inevitability of adolescent sex and encourages students to make wise, â€Å"safe† decisions if they do have sex. * There is enough sexual education available to the adolescents in our society * Comprehensive h ealth education or sexuality education that includes information on contraception; this may delay sexual initiation and increase contraceptive use. Youth development programs that include sex education along with other activities such as, volunteering, mentoring, and job training are associated with delayed first sex and lower teenage pregnancy rates * The environment that an adolescent is exposed to has nothing to do with the outcome of teen pregnancy * It was found in a study by the American Medical Association that â€Å"Teens who live in neighborhoods that have high levels of poverty, low levels of education, and high residential turnover are at a higher risk for teen pregnancy†(AMA,7). A similar study found that family factors also contribute to the rising rate of teen pregnancy. These include the income level of the family, as well as the family structure. Teens that were born to teenage parents are also more likely to become teenage parents themselves Reference Page Reising, Michelle. â€Å"Condom Conundrum: Should Condoms be Available in Schools?. † Health Psychology Home Page. Ed. David Schlundt. Vanderbilt University, n. . Web. 15 Nov. 2011. http://healthpsych. psy. vanderbilt. edu/condomConumdrum. htm. â€Å"Teenage Pregnancy Prevention. † Solutions For America. Healthy Families and Children, n. d. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. http://www. solutionsforamerica. org/healthyfam/teenage-pregnancy. html. â€Å"Young people report high levels of unprotected sex and barriers affecting their right to obtain trustworthy information about sex and How to cite Teen Pregnancy, Essay examples Teen Pregnancy Free Essays Teen Pregnancy Work File Complete each of the activities below. Fact: Teenage mothers are more likely to drop out of school and only about one-third obtain a high school diploma. Fact: Teenage births are associated with lower annual income for the mother, 80% of whom eventually rely on welfare. We will write a custom essay sample on Teen Pregnancy or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. Read the two facts above and choose one of them. Discuss the possible ramifications for the teen parent’s future and the future of the child. (5 sentence minimum) (10 points) Site 2 2. One of the big health risks of a baby born to a teen mother is low birth weight. What are two risks associated with babies who are born with low birth weight? (10 points/5 each) a. 40x more likely to die within in the first month b. Undeveloped organs Site 1 3. In addition to increased health risks, children born to teenage mothers are more likely to experience social, emotional, and other problems. Discuss two of those risks to the baby that are unrelated to health. (10 points/5 each) a. Kids don’t have parents who have proper parenting skills b. Financial problems Site 2 4. The teen mother has to deal with special challenges physically, emotionally and socially. List two of the health risks. (10 points/5 each) a. anemia b. high blood pressure Site 3 5. Teen fathers tend to differ in certain ways from their non-parenting counterparts. Profile the teen father. (9 points/3 points each) a. b. c. Site 2 6. The future for teen moms can be compromised due to the demands of parenting. What are two of those consequences? (12 points/6 points each) a. b. 7a. Discuss with your parents and guardians some of the challenges they have faced with parenting. List three challenges. Your Parent’s Challenges: (9 points/3 points each) . b. c. 7b. *Do you think a teenager is ready for those challenges? Why or why not? (10 points) 8. After completing your research on teen pregnancy, compare your life now with how it might be if you became a teen father or mother. Include how having a child might affect your education. (5 points) How would you handle the financial responsibilities that come with being a parent? (5 points) 9. How would becoming a parent help o r hinder you from reaching your mission statement and goals for your life? (10 points) How to cite Teen Pregnancy, Papers

Humanity has been enduring an ongoing battle for Essay Example For Students

Humanity has been enduring an ongoing battle for Essay centuries: the strained relations among the races. Despite efforts to put the past behind, signs remain at nearly every juncture that there still exists a strong sense of racial dissension. While many Caucasians do not see the problem being as severe as it is represented, African-Americans angrily reply that the lighter skinned race has not had to endure such prejudice and, therefore, cannot begin to identify with the situation. Frank Newport, vice president of the Gallup Poll Organization, says Caucasian Americans do not interpret racism as a big problem, therefore, they do not see a need for government intervention (Anonymous, 1997; 04A). Similarly, Asians, Hispanics and other United States minorities believe they often receive unfair treatment because of their race. However, President Clinton and several organizations including the National Multicultural Institute, whose main focus is to sort out the jumble of expectations and fears that swirl around the initiatives struggle to reconcile ethnicity and difference with the notion of one American nation (Green, 1998; PG) are pushing hard to mend racial tension with a comprehensive program that is designed to bring all races together. Will it work? Or will minorities look upon the effort as nothing more than a Band-Aid covering a much larger issue? To some extent, concepts such as affirmative action have their place in society, yet they will do nothing to alter an individuals perception of one race or another. I. ADOLESCENT ASPECT In the past, childrens racial viewpoints have routinely been shaped by their parents perceptions. This is precisely how racial prejudice is passed down from generation to generation. However, todays teens appear to be breaking free of the antiquated procession by voicing their own opinions about race relations. While racial hate crimes continue to run rampant, the newer generation tends to believe there is less interracial tension than do their parents (Farley, 1997). What has instigated this considerably lax attitude among the younger generation is not quite clear; yet a TIME/CNN poll has discovered that the adolescent population is far more forgiving of racial prejudices than their adult counterparts. Of twelve hundred, eighty-two adults and six hundred one teenagers aged twelve to seventeen, the younger sect demonstrated a considerable amount of racial tolerance toward one another when compared with the older respondents (Farley, 1997). If given the opportunity, children and young adults will not adopt negative views of other races if they are not placed in such an environment that encourages such thought. However, with the deep-seated hatred that has been bred into so many generations, it has become difficult for some of those prejudice intentions not to trickle down the family line. Yet the TIME/CNN poll was instrumental in establishing that a good number of adolescence of all races have successfully moved beyond their parents views of race (Farley, 1997; 88+). To the kids with such an open mind, race is no more important to them in either a social or personal level; yet it is not to be overlooked that these same respondents were still able to recognize the fact that racism was one of Americas biggest problems today. Even so, over one-third said the problem though it exists is insignificant (Farley, 1997; 88+). As it relates to their own lives, eighty-nine percent of the African-American adolescents who responded said the problem was small or did not exist at all. Amazingly, the Caucasian respondents both young and old considered racism a more dominant issue (Farley, 1997; 88+) than did the African-American adolescent respondents. What does that say about the varying impressions of race relations? Depending upon which race is viewing the issue, it appears the seriousness of the problem could be considerably damaging or an insignificant obstacle. Still, optimism is high that the younger generation deems race relations as being in good standing. .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 , .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .postImageUrl , .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 , .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001:hover , .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001:visited , .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001:active { border:0!important; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001:active , .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drama, Drama, Drama Essay This may be a sign of hope (Farley, 1997; 88+) or nothing more than youthful naivete (88+); regardless, it demonstrates a long awaited shift in the social climate relating to race relations and its consequences. Sociologist Joe R. Feagin says the answer may lie with both options. His interpretation of the lack of adolescent racism is that reality has not fully set in for those who have not yet experienced the real world. You have to be out looking for jobs and housing to know how much discrimination is out there (Farley, 1997; 88+). Feagin contends that those who have a better grasp of racial reality are those who are over the age of nineteen. Reasoning behind this is that comparatively few African-American teenage respondents said they had been victimized by discrimination; contrarily, half of the African-American adults admitted they had (Farley, 1997). Experts are .

Use and develop systems to promote communication free essay sample

When communicating with Young People in our care we need to analyse their communication needs upon admission. This is usually carried out with a Pre Planning Care meeting upon the child coming into our care. For example we could have a Young Person who is deaf and requires a hearing aid. As Carers we would ensure the maintaining of the device on a daily basis. This Child may also need Carers to have a knowledge of sign language and this is a skill that we as carers would need to have for the child to come into our care to ensure effective communication. The Child may have complete hearing loss and no hearing device would be sufficient so therefore it would require the team to use Pictures as a form of communicating. This could be used by using PECS. PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) is a successful approach that uses pictures to develop communication skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Use and develop systems to promote communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is appropriate for children and adults with a wide range of learning and communication difficulties including autism. Easy to access, affordable to implement and scientifically supported as one of the most effective communication interventions, PECS is an opportunity to open the door to spontaneous communication. As Team Leader it is part of my job role to be able to communicate with a range of groups and individuals. I regularly change the use of my language on a variant of levels dependant on the target audience. I deal daily with young people who respond effectively to language relevant to them, normally within a relatively informal setting. I am responsible for information sharing across a wide range of professionals and parents, including Social Services, Health Workers and Education and so my approach needs to be that of a more professional nature when dealing with them. Not only do I have to communicate with all of the above verbally but via email, telephone and postal correspondence. It is even equally important that I am able to do so clearly and effectively in this instance. It is important I train and develop staff knowledge and understanding on how to change and develop their  use of language and other communication techniques in order to break down any barriers they may face, particularly when dealing with the young people directly. The young people may be upset, frustrated or excitable making communication quite difficult. I ensure staff and myself understand how to be assertive, sensitive and able to respond appropriately to different behavior. I have been on mental capacity act training which promoted the understanding in my practice to take into consideration the individual’s ability to communicate with you. An outcome of the training enabled me to reflect and alter any communication I have with those who may find it difficult to communicate effectively with others 1.2 It is important to have good communication skills to develop positive relationships and share information with people using services. I also need to be able to communicate well with Young Peoples families, Social Worker, colleagues and other professionals. I use several different forms of communication within my job role. Interpersonal skills are those skills that enable me to interact with another person, allowing me to communicate successfully with them. Good communication skills are vital for working in Health Social Care as they help to: Develop positive relationships with service users and their family and friends, so they can understand and meet their needs. Develop positive relationships with work colleagues and other professionals. Share information with people using the services, by providing and receiving information. Report on the work I do with people. One to one communication: One to one communication means one person communicating with another person with no other people joining in. I use this form of communication daily within my job role. Examples would be communication between me and a client. Communication between me and the Social Worker in relation to a Young Person. Communication between me and the GP in relation to a Young Person. Communication between me and my line manager to discuss cases and approval for services etc. Verbal communication: Verbal communication uses words to present ideas, thoughts and feelings. Good verbal communication is the ability to both explain and present your ideas clearly through the spoken work, and to listen carefully  to other people. E.g. telephone call to Social Worker, Education, Young People and Families. Discussion at team meetings, One to One Supervision etc. We have regular Team Meetings at least once a month an d I carry out Supervisions to my staff at least once a month. My Line Manager carries out Supervsion once a month with myself. 1.3 Effective Communication is significant and a fundamental relationship-building skill in the workplace for any employee especially for managers to perform the basic functions of management, i.e., Planning, Organising, Leading and Controlling. If people dont communicate well they limit their ability to connect on any meaningful level which can create conflict. Depending on the position in workplace, others will have expectations of how an individual should communicate with others. It is important that for any employee show respect to those he or she works with. The general social care council’s code of practice states that communications should be conducted in an appropriate, open, accurate and straightforward way. By communicating in this way others will have trust and confidence in any employee and their abilities. Workplace relationships become a lot stronger when people can clearly and effectively communicate what they need and allow others to do the same. There are several barriers that affect the flow of communication in an organisation. These barriers interrupt the flow of communication from the sender to the receiver, thus making communication ineffective. It is essential for managers to overcome these barriers. The main barriers of communication are summarised below. The first barriers to check out are those that an employee could be creating. People may think that they are doing everything possible to assist communication, but they should make sure that they are not making it difficult for people to understand what they say for instance using abbreviations another person does not understand. People should avoid professional jargon and terminology. Physical barriers – these are due to the nature of the environment where people are trying to communicate. It could be there are distractions or noise, such as the TV on or interferences from a loudspeaker. These barriers can affect how individuals try to send and receive messages. If there is a lot of background noise than the receiver may not hear what the sender is saying. If the temperature in a work environment is too hot or too cold the sender may not be as focused on the message that they are trying to send. If people in the work place are separated by others, communication is not as effective. As long as people still have a personal space that they can call their own, proximity to others aids communication because it helps us get to know one Emotional Barriers Your emotions could be a barrier to communication. If you are engrossed in your emotions for some reason, you tend to have trouble listening to others or understanding the message conveyed to you. According to the College of Marin, if someone is angry, resentful, happy or excited, that person may be too preoccupied with emotions to receive the intended message. Emotions mainly involve fear, mistrust and suspicion. Excessive fear of what others might think of us and what we say can interfere with what we want to communicate and our ability to form meaningful relationships 1.4 Building relationships and appropriate verbal and non-verbal communication. It is very important to build relationships with people who use services involve skills listening, together with appropriate verbal and non-verbal communication. It also may be important to use friendly, warm non-verbal behavior that expresses interest in another person such as: Making effective eye contact(varied and appropriate contact with another person’s eyes Smiling-looking friendly rather than frozen or cold in expression Adopting a relaxed and calm body posture Using an appropriate gentle tone of voice Using hand movements and gestures that show interest Nodding your head slightly while talking to communicate messages such as â€Å"I see,’ or ‘I understand’, or ‘I agree†. It is important to build an understanding of the needs of people we work with in health and social care. Very often, people will make their preferred method of communication obvious. Sometimes a medical or professional social work assessment may needs in order to clarify the person’s needs and their preferred method of communication. All the skills of recognizing and overcoming barriers to communicate will be useful to avoid trigger situation, such as aggression. Reflective listening skills are vital in order to make the other person feel listened too. 1.5/ 2.2 Verbal Communication Verbal communication is one way for people to communicate face-to-face. Some of the key components of verbal communication are sound, words, speaking, and language. 2) Non Verbal Communication The process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages is known as Non Verbal Communication. Such messages can be communicated through gesture; body language or posture; facial expression and eye contact. 3) Written Communication Written Communication means communication by means of written symbols as explained previously using PECS. We also use the Phone, Email, Companies Intranet and Local media to gain information and access information within our setting. What exactly is communication? Communication is the process of sharing information between two or more people. Now this is just the basic definition of communication, and we know that the process is not just confined to information sharing. Rather, it is a mode of sharing thoughts, feelings, expressions, and many other things too. 2.1- 2.4 Communication is an art. For some it comes naturally, while others are too nervous when it comes to communicating. Communication is necessary in all walks of life, be it professional or personal, so to master it, one needs to practice this art, and this comes with knowledge and experience and is paramount within our workplace looking after LAC Children. Communication forms an important constituent of every organization. It is necessary that every person in the workplace communicates with one another for better coordination and maintaining good working relations, besides keeping everyone on the same page as far as the companys goals are concerned. Here are some basic but important tips that can help in a big way to improve communication at work and that I as a Team Leader like to demonstrate. Workplace Communication Skills There are two types of communication; formal and informal. Informal communication is between Colleagues but when it comes to formal communication, there are some etiquette and rules that need to be followed. Here are some factors for effective communication in the workplace with your subordinates, colleagues, as well as seniors. Be Clear and Transparent: You need to be very clear and transparent in the way you communicate, especially at work. Avoid statements that may be dubious or with a double meaning. Whatever you communicate, be it any changes in the rules, regulations or policies, everything should be explained properly and clearly with examples. Be Well Prepared: Remember this is professional communication, so you should always have a proper documentation of all the points to be covered while communicating with your employees or colleagues. Include everything that you want to communicate, as missing out on even a single important point might create a hassle later on. Be Precise: You are here to communicate about organizational matters, and so you need to honor the time of everyone involved directly or indirectly. For this, you have to be precise. So do not drag the discussion unnecessarily and come to the point directly. Be Generic: Communicating on a professional level needs discussion on a generic level. Pointing at anyones mistakes or errors is not desirable, as this might result in a conflict. Use the word we for success as well as failures, and try not to use the word you unless there is a need for mentioning something specifically. Be Assertive: Communicate in an assertive manner. It should be such that you, as well as the person in front of you should be benefited. Be open and honest about what you say, while respecting the feelings of others. Do Not Assume: Never work with any assumptions, at least as far as communication is concerned. For example, if there is a set of tasks that need to be performed, make sure you specify all of them along with the end result, and do not assume that everyone involved will know most of the things needed to be done anyway. Encourage Two-way Communication: Always give the other party a chance to speak. Ask questions, and take the other persons opinion too, once you have finished speaking. Such a two-way conversation forms the basis of a healthy communication, and you also come to know about peoples thoughts over certain things. You never know, anyone can come up with a great idea when least expected. Importance of Communication in the Workplace Building Trust Employees would always feel motivated if the management communicates about any changes in the working strategy or the company policies. This boosts the employees morale and builds trust and confidence between the management and the employees. It always allows everyone to know whats going on and what they need to work towards as a team. Good Working Relations One of the most important benefits of workplace communication is establishing and holding good working relations with peers, subordinates, and seniors as well. Good working relations at the workplace ensure a friendly and conflict-free working environment. There will be no room for difference of interests and any sort of confusion whatsoever. Problem Solving No workplace is ever free of conflicts, contradictions, and problems between the employees! However, communicating with colleagues and seniors about the issues help to solve the problems and thus prevents them from further aggravation. Festering of problems inside only leads to bigger conflicts and problems later on, which will adversely affect the company in some way or the other. Healthy from Business Point of View Communicating with the employees about any changes, amendments in the rules, regulations, policies, work rules, etc., helps in getting a better idea of things, and implementation of the work becomes easy. This further results in increased productivity and accuracy, minimizing wastage of resources and time. It is like everyone taking the shortest route to a designated point in the simplest way, all together. Giving feedback simply means telling people how theyre going at work. But the real art of feedback is the ability to also accept feedback yourself – being prepared to listen to what others tell you, without being defensive if its bad news. Building a communication culture in your workplace, where everyone is comfortable about giving and receiving feedback about their performance, builds staff morale. Accepting feedback yourself helps you discover ways to improve your own or your business performance. Many managers though equate feedback with delivering bad news, with criticism of poor performance. But feedback also can, and should, be about giving good news. The reality seems to be that it isnt often done. Giving, and receiving, feedback starts at the top, with the business owner, the manager, even with the team leader. It means stepping back from the immediate action to look at the bigger picture, at the business from a leaders perspective. What do leaders do? They do things that inspire people to follow them, to help them build the business. Your people need to know exactly what they have to do, or not do, and how well they are going. They need feedback – and so do you. As a leader you can give positive feedback, deliver negative feedback in a constructive manner and also encourage feedback for yourself. This kind of give and take builds a communication culture that encourages employees while it builds your business. Five-Step Process for Building a Communication Culture . 1. Think and act like a leader Learn why you need to be a leader, what people want from a leader, what it takes to be a leader and how feedback is an essential part of leadership 2. Clarify what you want Clarify your vision for the business or department and decide what needs to be done to achieve it. 3. Understand staff needs Learn from research what all staff want; then apply some practical strategies for improving your own workplace relationships and business. 4. Plan, discuss, agree, commit Turn your staff into a team and have fun, whether you own the business or manage a team or department. 5. Give and get feedback Deal with the hard stuff constructively, knowing what to say and how to say it. Then encourage staff to give you feedback. Developing a communication culture means encouraging people to feel comfortable about giving and receiving feedback about their performance – in the interests of better business and their own personal development. Feedback doesnt have to be negative; indeed there are far more occasions when positive feedback should be given. As a leader, you can seek those occasions using the above simple five-step process. 3.1/3.2/3.3 Within our workplace there is a lot of Partnership working to ensure the young people we look after receive the best care. We liaise with Dentists, Pharmacists, Opticians, Social Workers, Education and Pathways teams. It is  vital that all communication is clear concise and accurate. I tend to mostly use telephones and emails. Emails are more effective as you have a clear record of all conversations. I tend to use these more so on a daily basis. Sometimes it is not always possible to communicate by email so I ensure there is a clear log of all telephone conversations I make to multi agency recorded and on file. 4.1/4.2 Within our field it is paramount that we work together as a Multi Agency and all information in relation to the child and their background is always disclosed within the team as a need to know basis ensuring all risk assessments are completed with full detail for all proffesionals working within our field. However, from a legal point of view we have to abide the laws associated with maintaining confidentiality and these are as follows: Data Protection Act 1998, Human Rights Act 1998 and the Skills for Care guidelines. 4.3 As a Registered Organization we are governed and Registered by Ofsted. This requires that us as a Organization abide by all regulations. We have to ensure that our homes are run to a Required minimum standard and failure to do this could result in closure of the home. However, Ofsted are there to help and guide us run our homes to a adequate level. Ofsted visit our homes twice a year. Once to carry out a full inspection which then determines what standard the home has reached for the care of the child. It runs in four categories which is Outstanding, Good, Adequate and Inadequate. If you were unfortunate to receive inadequate they can serve you a notice to ensure you prepare the home to a adequate standard. This is usually a 12 week notice depending on the severity. However, if you comply with all guidelines this should not happen. In Our team meetings we have once a month I ensure the NMS and companies policies and procedures are discussed ensuring all staff have effective knowledge. All young Persons records are held electronically as well as paper version and it is a legal responsibility that companies keep all information for 75 years.

Amul Probiotic Ice-Cream Essay Example

Amul Probiotic Ice Amul Probiotic Ice-Cream Paper Amul Probiotic Ice-Cream Paper Amul Probiotic Ice-cream Part I: Concept Evaluation As per Market survey, most of the people are today becoming health and calorie conscious. Amul wanted to capture this health conscious market segment of ice cream consumers with the launch of its specially created Probiotic wellness ice cream. Essentially, it would not only convert non-consumers of ice cream into eaters but also increase frequency of ice cream eating. It expects to get 10 per cent additional growth only through the Probiotic range. Since the company will be the first to introduce the innovation, developed in-house, it expects to build the market and capture the entire market for Probiotic ice cream. (Source: scribd. com/doc/13702816/Amul-Prolife-Probiotic-Sugarfree-icecream-Project) Supporting Facts: 1. PROBIOTICS are live beneficial culture which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a beneficial health effect on the host. They help in digestion, improve the immune system, fight against allergic reactions and are effective in controlling travelers diarrhea. They also help in the prevention of formation and growth of colon cancer and enhances brain activity. 2. â€Å"The incorporation of Probiotic bacteria into ice-creams is highly advantageous since, in addition to being a rich food from the nutritional point of view, containing dairy raw material, vitamins and minerals in its composition, it is usually consumed by everybody, being well accepted by the public,† wrote the reviewers, led by Adriano Cruz from Universidade Estadual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Food Research International. (Source: utraingredients. com/Research/Great-potential-of-Probiotic-ice-cream/) Concept Development Ideas for new products can be obtained from basic research using a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats). Strengths: Its wellness ice cream which improve immunity digestion. Amul Sugar-free Probiotic Diabetic Delight contains 50 per cent less fat and half of the calorie than normal ice cream. (Source: kashvet. org/bb/viewto pic. php? f=12t=123) Weaknesses: The durability of Amul ice-cream is not good, it melts very soon. Not a famous brand among youngsters who are the main customer. Opportunities: Since the company is the first to introduce the innovation, developed in-house, it expects to build the market and capture the entire market for Probiotic ice cream. The target market will be the Health conscious consumer. Threats: Competition from foreign existing brands like Baskin Robbins Gelato etc. Product Design Development Amul Probiotic wellness ice cream will be available in five flavours: vanilla with chocolate sauce, strawberry, chocolate, Anjir and fresh litchi. Also available in so many flavours packed in international packing. (Source: just-food. com/news/amul-set-to-launch-Probiotic-ice-cream_id97947. aspx) Planning Product Development Identify the Needs of Products/Services: With strong emphasis on Education, bigger workforce and longer working hours, there has been a significant change in the eating habits of people (especially in the Metro cities and Tier 2 cities). People have become more health conscious and Diet and Lifestyle related diseases have also been on the rise. In such an environment, a lot of essential food products and FMCG companies have come out with a range of products that focus on the specific needs of ever growing our urban population. Products such as Low Cholesterol Oil, Sugar Free Sweetener and Low Sodium Salt have been quite successful. The following factors have come into light during the process of Needs identification of ‘Amul Probiotic Ice cream’: Rising Educated Workforce in India Greater emphasis on Healthy Lifestyle Weight Consciousness as Ice-Creams are basically considered to be a Sweet/Delicacy that can make you fat if over-eaten High Sugar content in Ice-creams; making it unsuitable for Diabetic people Similar Strategized Products (for Health Conscious) already available and successful in the Market like Low Cholesterol Oil, Sugar Free Sweetener and Low Sodium Salt Infact, these are Healthy Ice-Creams which actually help improve our health in many aspects. Market Segmentation: The overall intent is t o identify groups of similar customers and potential customers; to prioritize the groups to address; to understand their behaviour; and to respond with appropriate marketing strategies that satisfy the preferences of chosen segment. The Needs/Requirements identified above will help in creating or identifying the Market Segment for our product. Let’s use the following four bases to segment our product’s market: Geographic segmentation: The product should be made available in Regions where Amul already has some presence, and especially with Hot Climate, which induces large consumption of Cold products like Ice creams. Demographic segmentation: Since the Product needs an aware, educated consumer market; the Product will have to be targeted towards Metro and Tier-II cities. Psychographic segmentation: The Lifestyle of High End cities; where most of the population is part of the workforce, highly urban preferences with a lot of emphasis on Diet and Health. Such an environment is highly conducive for the launch of Amul’s new healthy Ice creams which should not find it very difficult to find demand for its product. Behavioural segmentation: Urban cities already have a demand of Ice creams, with people mainly relying on packaged sweets and delicacies compared to the rural markets and small towns, where people still prefer home-cooked sweets. Also, High-Incomes in Urban cities would be able to absorb the slight increase in price (if any) for such products, due to the value being derived out of it. Based on the above factors, we could see the our Market Segment for ‘Amul Probiotic Ice cream’ can be defined as ‘Educated, aware, health conscious people living in Urban cities’. Deciding the Product features As per the Needs and Requirements identified and the Market segment decided, a complete range of product features will be formulated. Thereafter, a VOC (Voice of Customer) will be used to determine the Product features, composition, layout, packaging etc. Ensuring design for manufacturability Lower development cost o Same raw materials used to manufacture Probiotic ice cream as used to manufacture basic ice cream with additional process added to the overall process. o Little extra cost for heat treatment, incubation and inoculation to inculcate Probiotic culture. Shorter development time o Same process can be used with addition few activities to add Probiotic culture into the mix. o Flexibility and overlapping of process makes manufacturing time shorter. Faster manufacturing start of build Readily available of raw material and ready resources with same process line makes faster manufacturing start of build. Lower assembly and test costs o Same testing procedures can be used to test both the line of products makes overall testing cost lower. Higher quality o To ensure high quality following will be tested as per FDA standards ? Testing of milk products ? Tests for fat content, total solids ? Pasteurization efficiency ? Presence of antibiotics used to control cow disease PART-II Progress Tracking Metrics This section would focus on the Metrics to be used to track the progress of product development and success for the product – Amul Probiotic Icecream. Different stages and corresponding metrics: 1. Product and Process Design: No. of customer inputs (VOC / other source) converted to product design parameter. Metrics: No. of design parameters / No of significant customer inputs No. of design parameters found technically feasible for incorporation into the product / manufacturing process. Metrics: No. of feasible parameters / No of significant customer inputs Explanation: While launching a new product, the probability of acceptability of the product is increased when maximum number of (significant) customer inputs (culled from a market survey) is incorporated in to the finished product. Customers may provide inputs on preferred flavor of ice cream / packaging / preferred price range and such others. Not all flavors/packaging/price range may be techno-economically feasible. Hence a decision has to be taken for selection of optimum numbers of customer inputs (customer wish list) as product design parameters. This decision will be taken by a cross functional team which would include personnel from RD, Operations, Marketing, Finance and representative of higher management. These metric shall measure the deviation of the product design from the ideal product as per VOC. Management may use this metric to measure the fit of the product design with the market expectations on the product. 2. Manufacturing Process: In order to develop metrics for manufacturing process, a benchmark is required in following terms: (since this would involve mass production the smallest unit shall be one batch of packs instead of per unit pack) Standard time to process one batch of Amul Probiotic Ice cream. (ST) to be determined based on Work study. Standard cost involved to process one batch. (SC) to be determined based on ideal cost of inputs. Standard productivity measure (Value of input / Value of Output) Process performance variables shall be measured based on above benchmarks. Metrics: Actual Time to proce ss / ST Metrics: Actual Cost of Production / SC Metrics: Productivity (Factor productivity as well as total productivity) 3. Quality Control Process: This would entail development of usual QC metrics at various stages of production: QC parameter for raw materials (Variation of characteristics of inputs in comparison to prescribed technical specification. Applicable to all inputs including milk, Probiotic culture, packings etc. ) QC for finished product:- As above. 4. Marketing Process: The metrics involved shall be the usual marketing metrics including: Quantity sold compared with estimated sales at various time (daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, half yearly and annual sales after launch). Retail outlet wise / segment wise throughput – to assess market reception of the product after launch in various localities/region and across various market segments. Percentage conversion of normal ice cream user to Probiotic ice cream. Number of new converts – non ice cream users buying Probiotic ice cream. The Manufacturing Process Probiotic ice creams manufacturing process involves many common things with rest of the Amul ’s product. Raw material is same as that is used in other milk products of the company. In this way this product being new will be more cost effective and time spent on the production will also be low. Amul Probiotic Ice Cream Process Flow Chart [pic] Process Followed: 1. Milk is a perishable commodity. For this reason, it is usually processed locally within diary. [pic] Cows are milked twice a day using mechanical vacuum milking machines. The raw milk flows through stainless steel or glass pipes to a refrigerated bulk milk tank. Collecting Dairy cows are milked twice a day using mechanical vacuum milking machines. The raw milk flows through stainless steel or glass pipes to a refrigerated bulk milk tank where it is cooled to about 40 ° F (4. 4 ° C). A refrigerated bulk tank truck makes collections from dairy farms in the area within a few hours. Before pumping the milk from each farms tank, the driver collects a sample and checks the flavor and temperature and records the volume. At the milk processing plant, the milk in the truck is weighed and is pumped into refrigerated tanks in the plant through flexible stainless steel or plastic hoses. Separating The cold raw milk pas ses through either a clarifier or a separator, which spins the milk through a series of conical disks inside an enclosure. A clarifier removes debris, some bacteria, and any sediment that may be present in the raw milk. A separator performs the same task, but also separates the heavier milk fat from the lighter milk to produce both cream and skim milk. The excess milk fat is drawn off and processed into cream or butter. Fortifying Vitamins A and D may be added to the milk at this time by a peristaltic pump, [pic] A clarifier removes debris, some bacteria, and any sediment that may be present in the raw milk. The milk is then fortified and pasteurized,which automatically dispenses the correct amount of vitamin concentrate into the flow of milk Pasteurizing The milk- either whole milk, skim milk, or standardized milk- is piped into a pasteurizer to kill any bacteria. There are several methods used to pasteurize milk. The most common is called the high-temperature, short-time (HTST) process in which the milk is heated as it flows through the pasteurizer continuously. Whole milk, skim milk, and standardized milk must be heated to 161 ° F (72 ° C) for 15 seconds. Homogenizing Most milk is homogenized to reduce the size of the remaining milk fat particles. This prevents the milk fat from separating and floating to the surface as cream. It also ensures that the milk fat will be evenly distributed through the milk. The hot milk from the pasteurizer is pressurized to 2,500-3,000 psi (17,200-20,700 kPa) by a multiple-cylinder piston pump and is forced through very small passages in an adjusta ble valve. The shearing effect of being forced through the tiny openings breaks down the fat particles into the proper size. The milk is then quickly cooled to 40 ° F (4.  ° C) to avoid harming its taste. This milk after undergoing all the above stated processes is finally used in the preparation of Probiotic ice creams. Packaging Packaging process includes the same process as used for Amul Ice-creams, the packets are of same size some as paper packs, plastic bowls etc, but the picture the packs contain is different stating Probiotic Ice-creams. Quality Control The federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) publishes the Grade A Milk Ordinance which sets sanitation standards for milk production in most states and for all interstate milk shippers. The composition of milk and milk products is specified in Agricultural Handbook 52 published by the United States Department of Agriculture. It lists both federal and state standards. Testing of milk products includes tests for fat content, total solids, pasteurization efficiency, presence of antibiotics used to control cow disease, and many others. 1. Village Dairy Cooperative Society (VDCS) The milk producers of a village, having surplus milk after own consumption, come together and form a Village Dairy Cooperative Society (VDCS). The Village Dairy Cooperative is the primary society under the three-tier structure. The main functions of the VDCS are as follows: Collection of surplus milk from the milk producers of the village payment based on quality quantity Providing support services to the members like Veterinary First Aid, Artificial Insemination services, cattle-feed sales, mineral mixture sales, fodder fodder seed sales, conducting training on Animal Husbandry Dairying, etc. 2. District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union (Milk Union) The Village Societies of a District having surplus milk after local sales come together and form a District Milk Union. The Milk Union is the second tier under the three-tier structure. The main functions of the Milk Union are as follows: Procurement of milk from the Village Dairy Societies of the District Arranging transportation of raw milk from the VDCS to the Milk Union. Providing input services to the producers like Veterinary Care, Artificial Insemination services, cattle-feed sales, mineral mixture sales, fodder fodder seed sales, etc. Conducting training on Cooperative Development, Animal Husbandry Dairying. Providing management support to the VDCS along with regular supervision of its activities. Establish Chilling Centers Dairy Plants for processing the milk received from the villages. Process milk into various milk milk products as per the requirement of State Marketing Federation. Decide on the prices of milk products. 3. State Cooperative Milk Federations (Federation) The Milk Unions of a State are federated into a State Cooperative Milk Federation. The Federation is the apex t ier under the three-tier structure. It has membership of all the cooperative Milk Unions of the State and is governed by a Board of Directors consisting of one elected representative of each Milk Union. The main functions of the Federation are as follows: Marketing of milk milk products processed / manufactured by Milk Unions. Establish distribution network for marketing of milk milk products. Arranging transportation of milk milk products from the Milk Unions to the market. Creating maintaining a brand for marketing of milk milk product (brand building). Decide on the prices of milk milk products to be paid to Milk Unions. Decide on the products to be manufactured at various Milk Unions (product-mix) and capacity required for the same. Conduct long-term Milk Production, Procurement Processing as well as Marketing Planning. Designing providing training on Cooperative Development, Technical Marketing functions. Technological hurdles for the incorporation of Probiotic bacteria into ice-cream 3. 1. Fruit pulp or juice as an ingredient of Probiotic ice-creams 3. 2. Addition of Probiotic cultures to ice-cream 3. 3. Stability of the Probiotic cultures during ice-cream stor age 3. 4. Overrun and Probiotic microorganisms 3. 5. Influence of storage conditions on the characteristics of Probiotic ice-creams Plan for Vendor/Suppliers and Supply Chain Management Existing supplier / vendors will be used who are currently supplying raw materials for normal ice cream to supply extra milk, yoghurt to manufacture Probiotic ice cream In addition to that, there will be some raw material used to add Probiotic Culture into the ice-cream. We will be requiring Vendors for the supplying. Capabilities of Vendor On time Delivery Well educated and technologically competent. Able to understand the process and technical aspect like specification provided. Number of years in the supply chain business. Good market reputation and business size.

Is brain dead really dead Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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The Importance of Nursing Theory Research Paper

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Ideology Of Mahatma Gandhi And Subhas Chandra History Essay

Ideology Of Mahatma Gandhi And Subhas Chandra History Essay In January 1915, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi returned to his homeland after two decades of residence abroad. These years had been spent for the most part in South Africa, where he went as a lawyer, and in time became a leader of the Indian community in that territory. As the historian Chandran Devanesan has remarked, South Africa was the making of the Mahatma. It was in South Africa that Mahatma Gandhi first forged the distinctive techniques of nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ violent protest known as Satyagraha, first promoted harmony between religions, and alerted the ways of upperà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ caste Indians to their discriminatory treatment of low castes and women. The India that Mahatma Gandhi saw when he came back in 1915 was rather different from the one that he had seen in 1893. Although still a colony of the British, it was far more active in a political sense. The Indian National Congress now had branches in most major cities and towns. Through the Swadeshi movement of 1905à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 0 7 it had greatly broadened its appeal among the middle classes. That movement had thrown up some towering leaders among them Bal Gangadhar Tilak of Maharashtra, Bipin Chandra Pal of Bengal, and Lala Lajpat Rai of Punjab. The three were known as Lal, Bal and Pal, the alliteration conveying the allà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ India character of their struggle, since their native provinces were very distant from one another. Where these leaders advocated militant opposition to colonial rule, there was a group of Moderates who preferred a more gradual and persuasive approach. Among these Moderates were Gandhijis acknowledged political mentor, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, as well as Mohammad Ali Jinnah, who, like Gandhiji, was a lawyer of Gujarati extraction trained in London. On Gokhales advice, Gandhiji spent a year travelling around British India, getting to know the land and its people. 1.1. The Making and Unmaking of Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cooperation Mahatma Gandhi spent much of the year 1917 in Champaran, seeking to obtain for the peasants the security of tenure as well as the freedom to cultivate the crops of their choice. The following year, 1918, Gandhiji was involved in two campaigns in his home state of Gujarat. First, he intervened in a labour dispute in Ahmedabad, demanding better working conditions for the textile mill workers. Then he joined peasants in Kheda in asking the state for the remission of taxes following the failure of their harvest. These initiatives in Champaran, Ahmedabad and Kheda marked Gandhiji out as a nationalist with a deep sympathy for the poor. At the same time, these were all localised struggles. Then, in 1919, the colonial rulers delivered into Gandhijis lap an issue from which he could construct a much wider movement. During the Great War of 1914à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 18, the British had instituted censorship of the press and permitted detention without trial. Now, on the recommendation of a committee chaired by Sir Sidney Rowlatt, these tough measures were continued. In response, Gandhiji called for a countrywide campaign against the Rowlatt Act. In towns across North and West India, life came to a standstill, as shops shut down and schools closed in response to the bandh call. The protests were particularly intense in the Punjab, where many men had served on the British side in the War expecting to be rewarded for their service. Instead, they were detained on the Rowlatt Act and Gandhiji was arrested whi le proceeding to Punjab, even thought he was a prominent local Congressmen. The situation in the province grew progressively more tense, reaching a bloody climax in Amritsar in April 1919, when a British Brigadier ordered his troops to open fire on a nationalist meeting. More than four hundred people were killed in what is known as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. It was the Rowlatt satyagraha that made Gandhiji a truly national leader. Emboldened by its success, Gandhiji called for a campaign of nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cooperation with British rule. Indians who wished colonialism to end were asked to stop attending schools, colleges and law courts, and not pay taxes. In total, they were asked to adhere to a renunciation of (all) voluntary association with the (British) Government. If non-cooperation was effectively carried out, remarked Gandhiji, India would win swaraj within a year. To broaden the struggle further, he had joined hands with the Khilafat Movement that sought to restore the Caliphate, a symbol of Panà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Islamism which had recently been abolished by the Turkish ruler Kemal Attaturk. 1.2. Khilafat Movement Gandhiji hoped that by coupling nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cooperation with Khilafat, Indias two major religious communities, Hindus and Muslims, could collectively bring an end to the colonial rule. These movements certainly unleashed a surge of popular action that was altogether unprecedented in colonial India. Students stopped going to schools and colleges run by the government. Lawyers refused to attend court and the working class went on strike in many towns and cities. According to official figures, there were 396 strikes in 1921, involving 600,000 workers and a loss of seven million workdays. The countryside was seething with discontent too. Hill tribes in northern Andhra violated the forest laws. Farmers in Awadh did not pay taxes. Peasants in Kumaun refused to carry loads for colonial officials. These protest movements were sometimes carried out in defiance of the local nationalist leadership. Peasants, workers, and others interpreted and acted upon the call to nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ coop erate with colonial rule in ways that best suited their interests, rather than conform to the dictates laid down from above. Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cooperation, wrote Mahatma Gandhis American biographer Louis Fischer, became the name of an epoch in the life of India and of Gandhiji. Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cooperation was negative enough to be peaceful but positive enough to be effective. It entailed denial, renunciation, and selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ discipline. It was training for selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ rule. As a consequence of the Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Cooperation Movement the British Raj was shaken to its very foundations for the first time since the Revolt of 1857. 1.3. A Peoples Leader By 1922, Gandhiji had transformed Indian nationalism, thereby redeeming the promise he made in his BHU speech of February 1916. It was no longer a movement of professionals and intellectuals; now, hundreds of thousands of peasants, workers and artisans also participated in it. Many of them venerated Gandhiji, referring to him as their Mahatma. They appreciated the fact that he dressed like them, lived like them, and spoke their language. Unlike other leaders he did not stand apart from the common folk, but empathised and even identified with them. 1.4. The Salt Satyagraha For several years after the Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cooperation Movement ended, Mahatma Gandhi focused on his social reform work. In 1928, however, he began to think of reà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ entering politics. That year there was an allà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ India campaign in opposition to the allà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ White Simon Commission, sent from England to enquire into conditions in the colony. Gandhiji did not himself participate in this movement, though he gave his blessings, but, he also performed a peasant satyagraha in Bardoli in the same year. In the end of December 1929, the Congress held its annual session in the city of Lahore. The meeting was significant for two things: the election of Jawaharlal Nehru as President, signifying the passing of the baton of leadership to the younger generation; and the proclamation of commitment to Purna Swaraj, or complete independence. Now the pace of politics picked up once more. On 26 January 1930, Independence Day was observed, with the national flag being h oisted in different venues, with patriotic songs being sung. Gandhiji himself issued precise instructions as to how the day should be observed. It would be good, he said, if the declaration [of Independence] is made by whole villages, whole cities even It would be well if all the meetings were held at the identical minute in all the places. 1.5. Dandi Soon after the observance of this Independence Day, Mahatma Gandhi announced that he would lead a march to break one of the most widely disliked laws in British India, which gave the state a monopoly in the manufacture and sale of salt. His picking on the salt monopoly was another illustration of Gandhijis tactical wisdom. For in every Indian household, salt was indispensable; yet people were forbidden from making salt even for domestic use, compelling them to buy it from shops at a high price. The state monopoly over salt was deeply unpopular; by making it his target, Gandhiji hoped to mobilise a wider discontent against British rule. As with Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cooperation, apart from the officially sanctioned nationalist campaign, there were numerous other streams of protest. Across large parts of India, peasants breached the hated colonial forest laws that kept them and their cattle out of the woods in which they had once roamed freely. In some towns, factory workers went on strike while lawyers boycotted British courts and students refused to attend governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ run educational institutions. As in 1920à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 22, Gandhijis new call had encouraged Indians of all classes to manifest their own discontent with the colonial rule. The rulers responded by detaining the dissenters. In the wake of the Salt March, nearly 60,000 Indians were arrested, among them, of course, Gandhiji himself. 1.6. Quit India Quit India was genuinely a mass movement, bringing into its ambit hundreds of thousands of ordinary Indians. It especially energized the young who, in very large numbers, left their colleges to go to jail. However, while the Congress leaders languished in jail, Jinnah and his colleagues in the Muslim League worked patiently at expanding their influence. It was in these years that the League began to make a mark in the Punjab and Sind, provinces where it had previously had scarcely any presence. In June 1944, with the end of the war in sight, Gandhiji was released from prison. Later that year he held a series of meetings with Jinnah, seeking to bridge the gap between the Congress and the League. In 1945, a Labour government came to power in Britain and committed itself to granting independence to India. Meanwhile, back in India, the Viceroy, Lord Wavell, brought the Congress and the League together for a series of talks. Early in 1946 fresh elections were held to the provincial legisl atures. The Congress swept the General category, but in the seats specifically reserved for Muslims the League won an overwhelming majority. The political polarization was just complete. 2. Subhas Chandra Boses Ideology 2.1. Women Equality Subhas Chandra Bose imbibed the ideals of his political mentor, Deshabandhu Chitta Ranjan and spiritual mentor, Swami Vivekananda in regard to female education and female emancipation and used to cite the examples of noble and scholarly women of ancient India like Maitreyee, Gargee, Khana and Lilabatee. Bose wanted that women should be given a very elevated position in the family and society, and believed in female emancipation in the true sense of the term and in liberating women from all shackles and artificial disabilities social, economic and political. According to him, in the Free India, there must not be any discrimination on the grounds of caste, race, sex, creed or wealth. The glorified role played by women in the Indian national struggle, especially during the Civil Disobedience Movement with undaunted bravery and exemplary spirit of sacrifice, shaped his attitude towards women. The love and affection and help he received from few women, especially his own mother Prabhabati Devi, C.R. Dass ideal consort Basanti Devi and Sarat Chandra Boses wife Bibhabati Devi had enormous influence in shaping his views about women. Subhas Chandra Bose rightly diagnosed that illiteracy and economic dependence were the root cause of serfdom of women. Bose spoke firmly in favour of removing all obstacles in the way of womens emancipation. He spoke in favour of all-round education for women for which he formulated a recipe which included literacy, physical and vocational education or training on light Cottage Industries. He was a supporter of widow remarriage and abolition of Purdah system. 2.2. Unique Political Ideology The political philosophy of Subhas Chandra Bose requires an enunciation and analysis from the angles of his spiritualistic, nationalistic, secularistic, democratic and socialistic characteristics. Spiritualistic Characteristics: A spiritual approach of his life was originally initiated under the influence of his deeply religious parents. Subsequently, his searching mind, right from his school days could explore out the meaning, significance and objectives of human life when he came in contact with the teachings, writings and philosophy of Ramkrishna Paramahansa, Swami Vivekananda and Sri Aurobindo Ghose. Nationalistic Characteristics: Subhas Chandra Boses father was a government pleader and Public Prosecutor and became a member of the Bengal Legislative Council and earned the title of Rai Bahadur, but he resigned from the said post and renounced the title of Rai Bahadur as a protest against the repressive policies of the British Government. Secularistic Characteristics: Bose believed that secularism is not irreligion or atheism but tolerance of each-others faith, mutual accommodation and peaceful co-existence. It involves spiritual consciousness and establishment of contact with the divine. Subhass philosophy of nationalism acquired a spiritual tenor under the influence of his parents, Ramakrishna, Vivekananda and Aurobindo. Socialistic Characteristics In his Free India, Subhas Chandra Bose had the aim of creating an egalitarian society in which all members would enjoy almost equal economic benefits and social status, and there would not be any distinction between man and man on account of accident of birth, parentage, caste and creed. Democratic Characteristics Subhas Chandra Bose developed an ethical approach to life based on sacrifice, renunciation, self-abnegation and self sacrifice which is in a way the core of a democratic way of life. These ethical and spiritual ideals contributed to his formulation of a political philosophy in consistence with Indian culture and civilisation. The big joint family taught him love, generosity, kindness, patience, tolerance, co-operation and sympathy, the very ingredients of democracy. 2.3. Economic View According to Subhas, liberty broadly signified political, economic and social freedom. For him economic freedom was the essence of social and political freedom. Subhas Chandra Bose bravely fought for Indias independence but this independence was also an economic necessity for him. He said, The problem of giving bread to our starving millions the problem of clothing and educating them the problem of improving the health and physique of the nation all these problems cannot be solved so long as India remains in bondage. To think of economic improvement and industrial development before India is free; politically is to put the cart before the horse. According to him the appalling poverty, high incident of unemployment and low standard of living were due to the foreign domination. In view of all this he desired economic reconstruction and industrialization on modern scientific and technological methods. Subhas Chandra Bose said, The moment India is free, the most important problem will be the organizing of our national defence in order to safeguard our freedom in the future. For that we shall have to build up modern war industries; so that, we may produce the arms that we shall need for self-defence. This will mean a very big programme of industrialization. He felt the necessity of modernizing the backward agriculture which in turn would aggravate the problem of disguised unemployment and to remedy this development of industry would be indispensable to absorb the surplus labour from agriculture. He was much impressed by the exemplary success attained by the U.S.S.R. in effecting economic development through rapid industrialization within a very short period of time, and became a staunch protagonist for similar forced march like Soviet Union and not a gradual one as in Great Britain. Subhas Chandra Bose classified industries into three categories, namely Large- Scale or Heavy Industr ies, Medium-Scale and Cottage Industries. According to him, heavy industries are important for rapid economic development. In the category of Large-Scale Industries, mother industries produce the means of production or make other industries run successfully and these are metals, heavy chemicals, machinery and tools, and communication industries like railways, telegraph, telephone and radio. He was very much in favour of large-scale industries but at the same time he never lost sight of cottage and small industries in an underdeveloped country like India. 3. Comparison between Mahatma Gandhi Bose Ideology Both Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi were infallibly dedicated to the cause of Indian freedom. They were loved by the masses and feared by the Raj. But between themselves, these two icons of Indias freedom movement shared a rather frosty relationship and history is replete with instances of trenchant differences between them. Although Subhas Chandra was a follower of Gandhi during the initial days, the later part of the 1930s witnessed a growing radicalization of his thoughts and Bose became increasingly frustrated with the lack of momentum in the independence movement. As Bose started to assert his bold stance in various party forums, it led to a polarization in the Congress party ranks. Bose found himself frequently at loggerheads with Gandhi and their differences often came out in the public. All these bickering reached a climax when Subhas Chandra Bose became Congress President for a second term in 1939 defeating Gandhi-nominated candidate Pattabhi Sitaramayya. Unable to hide his displeasure, Mahatma commented Subhas victory is my defeat. But this unhealthy environment within the party made Boses tasks all the more difficult and soon he resigned from his post. Subhas Chandra Bose and Gandhi also disagreed over their visions for the post-Independence Indian state. Bose was influenced by the success of the five-year plans in the Soviet Union and he advocated for a socialist nation with an industrialized economy. Gandhi was opposed to the very concept of industrialization. In spite of all the differences in ideologies, both these great men admired and respected each other. In 1942 Gandhi called Subhash Bose the Prince among the Patriots for his great love for the country. Bose too admired Gandhi and in a radio broadcast from Rangoon in 1944, he called Mahatma Gandhi The Father of Our Nation.